Ethics in the Media Free Essay Example, 1500 words

However, political correctness is discovered to be a means of quieting the press, controlling what it says and reducing our ability to accurately communicate because of the words it continuously removes from the lexicon and the shifting nature of definition. â€Å"For the first time in our history, [citizens] have to be fearful of what they say, of what they write, and of what they think. They have to be afraid of using the wrong word, a word denounced as offensive or insensitive, or racist, sexist, or homophobic† (Lind, 2000). The dangerous nature of political correctness when applied to the media setting is perhaps no where more evident than in the process of reporting on the news. From limiting what we say to being forced to point out where we received that information, the concepts of political correctness point to a path of much greater restriction and organizational control than we, as Americans, would like to consider. A free press serves to enlighten the public regarding governmental activities. The value of uncensored information to the continuance of democracy cannot be understated. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics in the Media or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In a society that governs itself, such as the U. K., the ability to make knowledgeable decisions based upon unfiltered information and open discussions is vital to its continued existence. Perhaps Abraham Lincoln articulated this sentiment as well as anyone when he stated, â€Å"Let the people know the facts, and the country will be safe† (Krimsky, 1997). The author of the Declaration of Independence, founder of America’s first University and third president Thomas Jefferson believed that liberty depended upon a free press and to limit this fundamental freedom would be to lose it altogether, along with it the freedoms of the nation’s citizens. According to Jefferson, â€Å"The basis of our government being the opinion of the people, the very first object should be to keep that right† (Kann, 2006). These principles applied in the US are equally valued here in the UK. Journalists are the conduit that carries this right of t he people. It might be argued that simply limiting some of the language one might use does not constitute limiting the subjects that can be discussed, but the practice of political correctness as it has been discovered on college campuses reveal the falsity of that assumption. â€Å"The totalitarian nature of Political Correctness is revealed nowhere more clearly than on college campuses, many of which at this point are small ivy covered North Koreas, where the student or faculty member who dares to cross any of the lines set up by the gender feminist or the homosexual-rights activists, or the local black or Hispanic group, or any of the other sainted ‘victims’ groups that PC revolves around, quickly find themselves in judicial trouble.

Similarities And Differences Between Mahayana And Two...

In Buddhism, the two major branches are the Theravada and Mahayana. Theravada is known as the â€Å"tradition of the elders.† Mahayana is called the â€Å"large vehicle.† Mahayana Buddhist came about after the first Buddhist council split. The second Buddhist council began a hundred years after the death of the Buddha. The councils came together to discuss the differences in buddha orders in which some Monks believed. They talked about the true meaning behind the Buddha teachings and certain practices. Monks that have followed these different teachings and practices didn’t reach an agreement with the first council who believe in the traditional ( Theravada) practices. The two different school of thoughts has spilled the councils. This split led†¦show more content†¦The Mahayana has their own thoughts of how Buddhism should be taught and practiced. This is where the differences in each school of thought comes in. Mahayana does believe in Gotayama Buddha b eing the main teacher of Buddhism but also believes in contemporary Buddha like Amitabha (the Buddha of infinite light) and medicine Buddha. Theravada and Mahayana both believe in Bodhisattva Theravada only believe in one Maitreya . Maitreya Bodhisattva is to believed to come in the future. Mahayana believes in multiple bodhisattvas the four main ones they believe in are Avalokitesvara, Mansjuri, Ksitigarbha, and Samanthabadra. Theravada believes in becoming an arahant. Arahat is Theravada Buddhist who reach nirvana. Nirvana meaning end their suffering and stopped themselves of rebirth. Theravada believes in becoming an arahant by self-reliance. Mahayana believe in Bodhisattva. Mahayana believe that people should reach bodhisattva level of enlightenment and stop themselves before reaching nirvana. The reasoning behind stopping themselves are that they should help others in reaching enlightenment and help in the suffering of others. Bodhisattvas stop themselves right before nirvana because they believe they can be rebirth, reach enlightenment again, and continue to help others They believe anyone can achieve enlightenment. Some other differences are that MahayanaShow MoreRelatedHinduism Vs. Buddhism970 Words   |  4 PagesHinduism and Buddhism are two of the most interesting religions in the world. To date, people still practice these religions in varying parts of the world especially in India. Although originating from Ancient India, some have difficulty in differentiating between the two. Hinduism and Buddhism share many similarities and also differ immensely. What is Hinduism? Hinduism, often referred to as Sanatana Dharma is the largest of the eastern religion and one of the oldest in the world. â€Å"HinduismRead MoreHinduism and Buddhism’s Influence of Indian Culture in Southeast Asia1903 Words   |  8 PagesThe way Hinduism and Buddhism entered Southeast Asia was not the same, as well as when it entered and its influence of Indian culture that emerged into the area. Civilizations in Southeast Asia focused on an appreciation to nature, which resulted in a harmonious and equal relationship between man and nature. Southeast Asia had been depicted and known as the â€Å"golden island.† These Southeast Asian civilizations were characteristically composed from Hindu and Buddhist ways of life that influenced itsRead MoreThe American Religious Identity Survey3443 Words   |  14 Pagespresence of such philosophies in the media, such as in the new ABC TV show Fresh off the Boat. 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Flannery Oconnor Essay Example For Students

Flannery Oconnor Essay Author, Flannery OConnor was born Mary Flannery OConnor on March 25, 1925 in Savannah, Georgia, as the only child to Edward F. OConnor, Jr. , and Regina (Cline) OConnor. Later in 1941, Flannery OConnors father dies of lupus while OConnor is in Milledgeville, Ga. After her fathers death, OConnor rarely speaks of him and continues to be active in school projects such as drawing, reading, writing, and playing instraments. Further, in the summer of 1942, OConnor graduates and enters Georgia State College for Women as a sociology and English major. Moreover, OConnor took on the name Flannery OConnor, dropping Mary from her signature. When OConnor graduates from college, she leaves for Iowa City and applies for several college teaching positions while attending the University of Iowa. Thus, she receives her Masters of Fine Arts in 1947. Although her first story, The Geranium was publised in Accent, during the summer of 1946, it was only the beginning of many of her works to be published. Like her father, OConnor was living with lupus and her first major attack came in December, 1950. However, OConnor did not allow the disease to keep her from writing and getting her works published. In fact, she got her nineth story , A Good Man Is Hard to Find published. Also, OConnor has won many prizes and awards with her writings over the years. For instance, she was named the Honorary Doctor of Letters by institutions, was the first prize of the O. Henry award in 1957 and 1963 and had previously won second in 1954 and 1955. Moreover, OConnor died on August 3, 1964 I a Milledgeville hospital. Nevertheless, her stories continued to reign as award winners and are still chosen often to be read by college instructors and their students. A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Good Country People are two of many short stories by Flannery OConnor. In addition, the two stories enfold a mystery ending in catastrophe. OConnor uses plenty of irony or subtle kind of sarcasm in developing each of the stories. Coincidentally, A Good Man Is Hard To Find and Good Country People are both set in the South during the earlier years, when segregation was an issue and trust was not. A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Good Country People are two ironically twisted tales of how two different families lives are altered after trusting and being mislead by a stranger. In A Good Man Is Hard to Find, OConnor introduces a family whose lives ironically turn up side down while on a trip to Florida. For instance, before leaving on the trip, the grandmother (who wants to go to Tennessee in stead of Florida) tells her son, Bailey, about the newspaper article. Thus, the article states that a prisoner escapes to Florida and calls himself the misfit. However, her son basically ignores her and they end up taking the trip to Florida regardless of the warning. Also, the grandmother takes her cat, Pitty Sing, along on the trip in order to prevent any mishaps by leaving her behind. In addition, the grandmother wears a pin so that if she dies in an accident anyone who finds her, knows that she is a woman. Moreover, she points out several different sights on her way to Florida. Most significantly, she says, Look at that graveyard (OConnor 139)! With a twist the family decides to take a detour on a dirt road in Georgia with the intentions of visiting an old plantation. Unfortunately, this frightens Pitty Sing and she springs onto Baileys shoulder while he is driving. As a result, this causes an accident. The horrible thought that she was having before the accident was that the house she had remembered so vividly was not in Georgia but in Tennessee ( 145). .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e , .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e .postImageUrl , .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e , .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e:hover , .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e:visited , .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e:active { border:0!important; } .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e:active , .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6b25dccae7b39a603d016e698150cd0e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Freedom Fighters EssayMinutes later, the grandmother flagged down a big black hearse-like car with three men inside. Youre The Misfit I recognized you at once, says the grandmother to the older man (147) . Nevertheless, the misfit kills the entire family. In Good Country People, a second story by OConnor, another family mistakes a trusted stranger and this too, gives the story an ironic twist. To illustrate, Mrs. Hopewell is a positive thinker and the divorced mother of her daughter, Joy, who has since changed her name to Hulga. For instance, some of her favorite sayings are Nothing is perfect, that was life, and well, people have opinions too. However, her daughter Hulga is nothing like her. In addition, Hulga is a stout thirty-two year old Atheus woman with a heart condition and who also has a Ph. D. in Philosophy. Furthermore, at the age of ten, Hulga loses her leg in a hunting accident. For this reason, she possesses no drive. All day Joy sat on her neck in a deep chair, reading (268). Ironically, the story Good Country People, takes a twist when a stranger interrupts the lives of Mrs. Hope well and specifically the life of Hulga. For instance, Manley Pointer, introduce himself as a friendly Bible sales man, but hides his liquor, cards of naked women, and condoms in his Bible case. After spending sometime with Hulga and using his manly charm, Pointer asks her, Couldnt we go on a picnic tomorrow ? Say yes, Hulga (276). Now as an existentialist, Hulga does not appreciate nature as it exists. She looked at nice young men as if she could smell their stupidity (268). On the contrary, Hulga does meet Pointer for a picnic and finally she reveals, I dont even believe in God (277). Further, she explains, I am saved and you are damned but I dont believe in god (278). Soon, Pointer pulls her close and plants a heavy kiss, which turns out to be her first kiss ever. Similarly, before deciding to meet Pointer, Hulga has a seductive dream about the two of them together. Well, this dream comes close to reality when Pointer seduces her, but the difference is that he humiliates her by running away with her wooden leg and leaving her in the Cedars barn. In a subtle kind of sarcasm, OConnor reveals that Manley Pointer was nothing more than a thief with a strange fetish for womens false body parts. For example, she reveals that Pointer is not really a Bible salesman but uses this profession as a way to con his way into peoples lives. Strangely enough, Pointer travels, seducing women with a unique handicap and takes advantage of their vulnerability. One time I got a womans glass eye this way. And you neednt to think youll catch me because Pointer aint really my name. I use a different name at every house I call at and dont stay nowhere long (287). In conclusion, both of the stories where quite interesting since, they were so strange. OConnor uses a unique writing style in comparison to other writers. Also, judging from these two stories, she uses the same style in the majority of her works. More specifically, OConnor uses a lot of foreshadowing and irony, leading up to the catastrophe. Also, her subject matter is somewhat controversial since the settings of the two stories are in the South, she uses southern dialect and religion, and most of all, they have the strangest endings. Perhaps the greatest story she has to tell is not her forte, the short story, at all but maybe its her own story.

Continuing Education

Question: There is too much emphasis on lectures and too little emphasis on helping health professionals enhance their competence and performance in their daily practice." Is this true? WHy or why not? What can we do to enhance competence and proformance through continuing education? Answer: Yes its true, there is too much emphasis on the lectures and too much little emphasizes on helping the health professional enhance competence. The reason to this has been due to the technological advancement in the current time (Hager, Russell Fletcher, 2008). An example with the use of internet it has helped these professional find answers to clinical questions with ease rather relying on their own performance. Moreover, there are no accreditation in the organization to promote teamwork or the alignment of CE to improvement of quality of health systems (Leach Fletcher, 2008). To add this there is the problem of growth link between CE and the commercial interests. References Hager, M., Russell, S., Fletcher, S. W. (Eds.). (2008). Continuing education in the health professions: improving healthcare through lifelong learning. Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation. Leach, D. C., Fletcher, S. W. (2008). Perspectives on continuing education in the health professions: improving health care through lifelong learning. CHEST Journal, 134(6), 1299-1303.

Annotated Bibliography free essay sample

This text does a great Job to explain what, how, and why technology can be used in the classroom to achieve learning objectives and further education with the help of extra computer based learning. Rowe says that Learning with the help of technology has been proven to be very valuable to students that struggle with learning and students that want to stay ahead. This study was done in 2012 at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa. Even though this study was done on a different continent, the information and research is still valid to North America. The researchers split up the students into two groups. One group used Google Drive, which is a free device from Google that allows live real-time editing, commenting, and instant communication and feedback, and the second group didnt use any device. This entire study was conducted because some external examiners found that the students lacked critical thinking and reasoning skills in their final exams. We will write a custom essay sample on Annotated Bibliography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This source seems very reliable, not only because it is a very recent topic, but also it is from the British Journal of Educational Technology. The British Journal of Educational Technology is a peer reviewed Journal and is considered to be very reliable by other journals. This paper gives notes on what the researchers already know about this topic, what this paper adds to the topic, and what implications might be present for this paper. They hit all of the points that they said they would and made it easy for the reader to follow their reasoning. The authors used many different ways of ommunicating their findings to their audience, which, in retrospect is everyone that has had an education in the past, present, or future. The authors back up their opinions with factual evidence from their studies and other reports that they used to write this paper. This piece of text is a good representation of my inference question and can be used to further my research or create more questions. This text definitely supports one of my stakeholder positions of teachers and educators, and I can use this to further explain their role on technology in education. The Edutopia Organization websites. Technology Integration in Education. 23 Apr. 2008. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. This website contains many different points of view for my inference question. They focus on the benefits of technology, actually, this whole website is dedicated to changing education for the better. Using technology in education, helping kids get engaged in their education, and making educators more powerful are all goals of this website, which is funded by George Lucas, the Star Wars creator. There are many different professionals that weigh in on the topic in a research ection. This kind of learning is called blended learning. The website claims that blended learning is combining normal and abstract learning with innovative technology based learning to make adaptive environments for students and teachers (Edutopia). This source seems very reliable. The website contains many ditterent opinions trom experts in the tield ot educating educators and they give their opinions based on what they have found throughout their career. There is no bias in this source because there is reason for these people to make up stuff so they will look etter in the academic light. There are many different sections, which encompass many different aspects of my inference question and lead to some other questions. I think that this source will be very valuable in my research as it gives lots of different views on technology in the educational system. Bastien, Rick. The Evolving Classroom: Lessons Go Virtual. Schools of Thought RSS. N. p. , 27 June 2012. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. This article is mainly about a new website that Eric Westendorf and Alix Guerrier invented called LearnZillion. com. This website helps teachers that need ome assistance in teaching their kids, even if they all learn at different paces. Bastien says that Even with textbooks and years of experience, the best teachers can struggle to find new ways of teaching complex subjects, especially when each student learns differently, and explains how the new website is like YouTube, where you have to watch a five minute video, as many times as it takes to understand, and then take a little quiz to show that the information has been learned. The idea for this website came from KahnAcademy. org but isnt non-profit. Most of their funding so far as come from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This source can be a very valuable one to me. It gives many different facts about technology in the classroom and how they relate to overall education. The fact that this organization is supported by the Bill Gates foundation really emphasizes how much of an impact this could make in future education. One of the most important counter arguments for this article is that there have been as many failures and successes says Bastien. This article represents teachers and professors as the stakeholders. They are an mportant part of the educational system and hold a big part in the future of education. I can use this article in many different ways because it explains how technology should be used in the classroom, but also uses counterarguments against the case. Lytle, Ryan. Study: Emerging Technology Has Positive Impact in Classroom. US News. U. S. News world Report, 14 July 2011. web. 03 NOV. 2013. This text is basically all about the reverse classroom setting. A reverse classroom is when kids watch lectures and podcasts at home and go to school the next day and work on roblems and get help from their teacher. This article contains evidence that was found from the study and research. With the implementation of this kind of classroom, Roshan, the teacher being observed, found that her students AP calculus test scores increased from 3. 59 to 4. 11 . Most of this research is done at high school levels but it can be implemented in college situations because the learning circumstances are very similar (Lytle). This article is very recent, relevant, and reliable. It was posted on the IJSnews. com website which makes it very credible and trustworthy. It was written about a few different instructors and how they think technology could be used in the classroom. These instructors give their opinions and even state some of the negative, or counter-arguments, associated with this problem. They even take into account the fact that public schools and private school will have different problems like budgeting and support. This article could represent many of my different stakeholders, but the school districts and educational foundations are the most direct ones. I nave not us ed, given, or recei and unauthorized assistance Annotated Bibliography free essay sample Annotated Bibliography Daft, L. (2010). Organization theory and design. (Tenth De. , p. 374). Ohio: South- Western Coinage Learning Organizational Theory and Design is a book authored by Richard L. Daft. He is the Browne O. Currency, Jar. Professor of management in the Owen Graduate School of Management at Vanderbilt University, Nashville Tennessee. The book was published by South-Western Coinage, 2010, a digital information services for academic, professional, library markets and delivers customized learning solutions for universities, professors, students, colleges and government agencies. Richard L. Daft as authored and co-authored 13 books, authored dozens of scholarly articles, papers and chapters. He is an active teacher and consultant and has helped in management consulting and business development. Daft specializes in the study of organization theory and leadership and his book, Organization theory and Design, has been recognized as one of the most systematic, well organized text in the market. It helps both the future and current managers to prepare for todays challenges amidst rapidly changing, highly competitive environment in the business world. We will write a custom essay sample on Annotated Bibliography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The book features proven learning innovations and exquisite examples of contemporary organizations today which equips and makes one knowledgeable in the business world. The contents of Daftest work correlates with my research topic, Organizational Culture. Organizational culture is part of what makes up an organization which can be found in his theories. Culture is also an underlying factor that determines the success of an organization. His theories have been able to define, detect and examine the engagement of culture in an organization. Tsar, Y. (2011). Relationship between organizational culture, leadership behavior and Job satisfaction. BAM health services research, 11(1), 98-106. DO: 10. 1186/1472-6963-1 1-98 Wayfaring Tsar is an associate professor in the department of health policy and management. He is an adviser to the department of medical research, Chic Nan Medical University Hospital, Teaching, Taiwan and an Assistant Professor of the department of hospital and health care administration, Chi Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Attain, Taiwan. He has authored many published articles. This article, Relationship between Organizational Culture, leadership behavior and job satisfaction, was scholarly reviewed and met all necessary criteria to be published. The article describes the correlation between organizational culture, leadership behavior and Job satisfaction. It describes how culture plays a large role in a healthy or unhealthy environment. The article lays emphasis on how culture can influence employees behavior and work ethics. The result of a healthy culture depends on the interaction between the leadership and employees. If they have a good relationship, there would be team collaboration and communication. So also would employees be encouraged and motivated to accomplish the organizations objectives and mission. The article relates to my topic, Organizational Culture. It focuses more on the effect of organizational cultures on leadership behavior and job satisfaction. It establishes the fact that leadership roles can affect employees behavior both in a positive and negative way. This has helped my research to develop the importance of culture in an organization. Peters, T. J. , Waterman, R. H. (1982). In search of excellence Sydney: Harper and Row. In Search Of Excellence is a book authored by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman. It was published by Hairlessness, one of the worlds leading English Language publishing company headquartered in New York and is a subsidiary of News Corporation. Thomas J. Peters is an author, speaker and professional agitator who has authored 7 known books. Robert H. Waterman is a director of a major consulting company and author of several books including, What America Does Right and The Renewed Factor. The focus of this book is a presentation of a research project that examines qualities and practices common to the best-run companies in America. Its findings resulted to eight distinctive principles for excellence that are still true and till in use in organizations today regardless of the year that it was published. The theme or principles of this book revolve around people, customers and their actions. The book is known for its excellence and its a management classic. It is rated the greatest business book of all time (Bloomberg UK) The book is a link to the overall research on Organizational culture. It further speaks of the effect of a negative culture in an organization. A negative culture is said to be toxic and poisons the growth and enhancement of the company which hinders potential growth in the future of the organization. Annotated Bibliography free essay sample Monica Alvarez English 112 June 29, 2011 Annotated Bibliography Dini, Kourosh. (2008). Video Game Play and Addiction. New York: iUniverse, Inc. In â€Å"Video Game Play and Addiction† the author Kourosh Dini, MD explores and answers questions parents may have that affect their children. He attempts to present an educated, fair discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of gaming from a psychological view. It is written for parents who want to know more about the influence of video games and what is safe for their children.He explores what to consider in assessing your child for addiction or problematic play. I will use Dini’s information to show that video games can have a negative effect on children. Dorman, Steve M. (1997). Video and Computer Games: Effect on Children and Implications for Health Education. Journal of School Health. Vol 67. Issue 4. Retrieved June 29, 2011 from EBSCOhost. Dr. Steve Dorman examines both the psychological and physiological effects of video and computer games on children in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Annotated Bibliography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He investigates the effects this technology may have on education, health and society.He includes an evaluation of games by parents and teachers and the positive effects of game usage. He analyzes the use of technology, exploring both the negative and positive effects of games. I will use Dr. Steve Dorman’s article to realize the persuasive influence of video and computer based games. His emphasis will be the focus of my argument. Gentile, Douglas A. , Ph. D. (2009). The Effects of Video Games on Children: What Parents Need to Know. Pediatrics for Parents. Retrieved June 29, 2011 from www. pedsforparents. com/articles/2791. htm/[-0] The Author, Douglas A. Gentile, Ph. D, is directing his article to parents. He discusses the fact that games are natural teachers, and that they can have both a negative and positive impact on children. He asserts the fact that parents need to monitor gaming and can therefore control many of the negative effects. He creates five major assertions in regard to video games. There are quotes, by this author, of research and studies done. He pointedly details research relating the time children engage in video games and the subsequent effects.Earl Hunsinger states, as author of this article that children’s health and brain development can be adversely affected by video games. Spending excessive time gaming can encourage a sedentary lifestyle. Because of little cerebral stimulation, brain development may also suffer. I will use Hunsinger’s to explore obesity and brain stimulation, and also take a closer look at the effects of non-violent games. Ivory, J. D. , Kalyanaraman, S. (2009). Video Games Make People Violent—Well, Maybe Not That Game: Effects of Content and Person Abstraction on Perceptions of Violent Video Games Effects and Support of Censorship.Communication Reports, 22(1), 1-12. doi:10. 1080/08934210902798536 This article researches 122 undergraduate students from 2 universities on the east coast. The students are asked their perception of violent video game effects on violence and if they support censorship. They discovered that even though a lot of people believe that games are violent only a few people support censorship of the violent games. I will use this article to support the fact that many people believe video games have a negative effect on children.Schmitt, B. D. (2008) Video Games. (Behavioral Health Advisor). Health and Wellness Resource Center. Retrieved on June 28, 2011 from http://galenet. galegroup. com. gary In this article, the author, B. D. Schmitt gives very practical information about the influence of regular video game play on children. He gives both the positive and negative aspects of game playing on children. He says video games are not bad for children, but the time they spend playing games needs to be monitored.I will use Schmitt’s information to prove that excessive gaming can be a problem for children. He also creates a valid argument for the use of video games. Sharif, Iman and James D. Sargent. (2006). Association Between Television, Movie, and Video Game Exposure and School Performance. Pediatrics Volume 118, Number 4. Retrieved from www. pediatrics. org on June 27, 2011. The intent of this article was to test the impact of television, movie, and video game screen time and content on the school performance of adolescents.

International Criminal Justice Agency

International Criminal Justice Agency In times of cultural flux and massive societal change, when societies are coming to terms with entirely new political realities the question of how to deal with the sins of the past can fall by the wayside. Often, the successor regimes are in precarious political positions that make any serious attempt to prosecute the offenders of the previous regime for crimes against humanity or any other human rights violations that may have occurred on their watch. Vast injustices were often committed under the strict authoritarian regimes of places like Argentina, South Africa, and Serbia, yet the perpetrators of the atrocities find themselves free of possible prosecution due to the relative security of their positions. The coupling of power transfer with some form of amnesty for the offending regime is particularly effective technique for ensuring freedom from punishment. But the moral imperatives is toward justice, some form of punishment under which the offenders must be held accountable for their crimes.English: Philippe Kirsch, President of the Interna...If the position of the successor government is too precarious for any form of prosecution, then there is also the loss of a deterrent factor. When human rights offenders are confident in their impunity from the rule of law, there will likely be more human rights violations and genocides in the wake of future dictators. Not only is deterrence a concern, but there is also the problem coming to some form of legally legitimate form of censure and condemnation, a true notion of justice free from the constraints of victors' justice imposed from above.One option is for the imposers of genocide, those who were responsible for atrocities and abominations of the state against man are held to a higher power, an outside and impartial court that can weigh heavily on the crimes without concern for the precarious nature of a...

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay Example Empowering employees is of benefit to the achievement of your organizations goals of zero serious safety events. In Brookwood Medical Center, achievement of organizational goals is attained through a culture of social responsibility, teamwork, and treating other employees with respect and dignity. Dana Reid, I support the culture practiced in your organization. It is true that the importance of education in health care cannot be understated. One of the most fundamental elements of organizational culture as asserted by Dixon and Dougherty (2010) is human interactions. I believe that level of education of an individual plays an important role in determination of behavior in relation to human interactions, and also individual opinions towards specific issues. I also concur that a culture of higher education and setting the minimum requirement for new recruits as a BSN facilitates quality improvement as only highly skilled individuals are considered. In Brookwood Medical Center, attaining a high level of education is also highly valued. For a nurse to be recruited to a nurse leader position, he or she must also have a BSN. Creating a culture relating to education helps minimize incidences of medical errors as it prevents recruitment of poorly skilled individuals. Dorgham, S. R. (2012). Relationship between organization work climate & staff nurses organizational commitment. Nature and Science, 10(5), 80–91. Retrieved from

Intervention in Personal Finance for Medical Residents Essay

Intervention in Personal Finance for Medical Residents - Essay Example The seminar on financial planning gave an overview on personal finance (income and spending), debt management, taxes, insurance, and retirement savings. A key information given during the seminar was on retirement plans available during residency, that residents have a choice either on going with the retirement account provided by the university (automatic enrollment) or county hospital (not automatic) or opt to invest in mutual funds, university-managed or from a mutual fund service company. For the study, 52 or 84% out of 62 internal medicine interns of the University of California-San Francisco attended the 90-minute seminar. Immediately before the seminar, they were given a test assessing their financial literacy as well as a pre-intervention survey. After the seminar, the interns filled up the post-intervention survey, asking their opinion on whether such seminar was valuable or not. In May 2004, two to ten months later, the residents were asked to complete the change allocation survey. Only 25 residents out of the 46 who responded attended the seminar. Findings and implications: On financial literacy, the average score was 40% of a 20-question

The role of the media within the British political system Essay

The role of the media within the British political system - Essay Example There is a relationship between mass media and society as there is the view that the media are part of democracy since they are themselves a 'free' institution. The media assist the working of a democratic system through facilitating free speech and unrestricted public debate. However, some who believe that the media are anti-democratic argues this with their power to manipulate the way people think about politics. With these two notions in mind, I think that this demonstrates the overall power of the mass media, since they can either set people's minds against the political system or help to generate popular support for it. The mass media refers to all those forms of communication where large numbers of people are exposed to an identical message. The mass media provide the ideas and images, which help most people to understand the world they live in and their place in that world. (Coxall 2003, 1-22). Along with politicians, the public, parties and other organizations, the media play a crucial role in structuring and widening political debate in Britain so that issues such as environment, law and order, or the state of the public services receive attention and are addressed by the government. Television programmes have to compete with each other in order to gain more viewers and readers. They therefore have to make their programmes more attractive to the viewer so there is usually a tendency to make the news more attractive by treating it as entertainment rather than serious news. This may explain why some newspapers are bought more than others because the popular papers provide the public with what they want to read. In terms of a free market, these papers will thrive, while unpopular and unread papers will struggle, with perhaps valid information regarding... Television programs have to compete with each other in order to gain more viewers and readers. They, therefore, have to make their programs more attractive to the viewer so there is usually a tendency to make the news more attractive by treating it as entertainment rather than serious news. This may explain why some newspapers are bought more than others because the popular papers provide the public with what they want to read. In terms of a free market, these papers will thrive, while unpopular and unread papers will struggle, with perhaps valid information regarding communities going unread. Newspapers can be helpful, 'Children achieve more success in early reading skills if they have experience with books and other print media and were read to as preschoolers.' (Comstock, 1991). In England, we value the freedom of the press. The press is the one place where most people go to get educated on issues facing their community, city and most of all their country. Everyone knows that the media plays a major role in people's lives; however, their role of gatekeeper is not completely understood. The press decides which issues to report and how to report them. In order to improve the society and country we live in, I think that the media should present their unbiased findings to allow people to make up their own minds. However, this is not the case. The media often shows it bias. Their widespread exposure enables them to communicate their ideas to the public, regardless of the public's responsiveness.

Hotel chocolat an internationalisation strategy

Hotel chocolat an internationalisation strategy Hotel Chocolat (HC) was founded over 15 years ago with one goal: to make a better type of chocolate available to UK consumers bored by the mediocrity of that available (Hotel Chocolat, 2009). HC started as a catalogue business. Following the success of this business, the company set up an award winning website with the first of many HC stores appearing on the high.street in 2004. Since its success in the UK, HC has applied an export strategy to the US via an online ordering site. This strategy enabled the company to minimise risk before fully committing to foreign direct investment (FDI). Once adequate demand for the product was assured, HC opened its first American store in Boston and now has plans to further expand throughout North America. There are currently 43 stores located in the UK with an additional 23 operating inside John Lewis stores. It is likely that the company has expanded as far as it can domestically and should now focus its attention on international markets. In order to assess HCs ability to internationalise the following should be considered. HC is Britains fastest-growing private company with 225% sales growth per year (Fasttrack100, 2008) and sales equating to  £18 million in 2008. From this, one may infer that HC does indeed have sufficient resources for internationalization. However, it is questionable whether the company is prepared to undertake large-scale investments, due to the self-funding expansion strategy pursued so far. This essay will now present an internationalisation strategy for HC by applying theory and drawing upon personal contact with the Japanese External Trade Organisation (JETRO), the UK Trade and Investment team (UKTI) and HC representatives, as well as quantitative data from secondary research. Global figures for chocolate sales provide compelling incentives to further internationalise. In 2008 global chocolate sales were $62.16 billion (Datamonitor, 2009a). Contrasting these figures with the UK shows enormous sales potential. Currently the UK confectionary market is valued at $13.4 billion, with chocolate sales accounting for 67.5%. More tellingly, however, are the records for annual growth of market value between the years 2004-08 (Datamonitor, 2009b) which show a decided slow-down in the rate of growth. Although the economic down turn will have played its role in the calculation of these figures, we can be confident that the UK chocolate industry is operating within the mature stage of the product life cycle. This is problematic for HC as Kotler (2008 p.575) argues: A slowdown in sales growth results in an overcapacity of competition, which can ultimately lead to a decrease in profits. Furthermore, the domestic chocolate industry is dominated by Cadbury, Mars and Nestle who collectively hold a 59.8% market share (Datamonitor, 2009c). Expanding internationally into previously untapped markets may be the best solution to leverage any potential losses felt domestically as Hill (2009, p.426) states; Expanding globally allows firms to increase their profitability and rate of profit growth in ways not available to purely domestic enterprises. An essential part of any internationalisation strategy is the country screening process in which hundreds of possible countries must be systematically eliminated. There are numerous ways to do this and, when done professionally, a vast amount of research will be undertaken before any decisions are made. HC, as previously stated, have already begun expansion into North America and have made plans to expand into the Middle East (Retail week, 2009; Walker, 2009). For these reasons, we will not be considering either region. Europe will also be ruled out as the European luxury chocolate market is already highly saturated with rival brands from Belgium, France and Switzerland (RTS, 2009). The next mass filtration stage was to view the political stability scores (CIFP, 2007) of the remaining regions and leave only those scoring highest. This stage virtually eliminated Africa and Latin America, leaving predominantly the Asia Pacific region. Finally, the remaining countries were ranked in ord er of GDP per capita (CIA World Factbook, 2008) and all but the top eight were eliminated. This left: Hong Kong, Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Malaysia and Singapore. Scrutinising these eight countries and drawing upon a variety of unequally weighted factors a country attractiveness index was formulated for each. Ultimately Japan was found to be the optimal host country with the greatest index score. Haak recently published that: no company can afford to neglect the dynamic Asian economic region (Haak, 2008 p.1). Within this region, Japan in particular assumes a key position (Haak, 2008 p.1) due to its sheer size and its wealthy and sophisticated consumers (JETRO, 2008). In order to formally evaluate Japans attractiveness as a host country, certain aspects of Dunnings eclectic paradigm have been applied. Focusing on ownership and location factors; the decision to fully invest in Japan can be justified (Dunning, 1988). Furthermore, location factors can be broken down into three advantages: economic, political and social. Japan is considered a major world financial hotspot with the 2nd highest number of millionaires residing there and household consumption expenditure figures exceeding those of most nations. This goes hand in hand with high consumer purchasing power and a demand for high quality produce. Perhaps one of the strongest reasons for investment in Japan is its potential as a gateway to the Asian-Pacific markets. As these markets grow rapidly, the economic integration between countries in the region continues to strengthen. This links to an ownership advantage that HC can achieve. Entering the Japanese market will allow access to other Asian markets over time and provide economies in both scale and scope. In recent years government policies have become an increasingly important factor affecting FDI (Brewer, 1993). The Japanese government have various foreign investment policies which incentivise investment. Japan, once restrictive of trade, has now shed this image and is attracting increasing levels of FDI. Whereas most national governments focus on financial incentives, the Japanese government follows a 3-step model which provides support for potential investors (Watanabe, 2003). As discussed later in this essay, this type of incentive reduces the need for foreign firms to access local knowledge by means of joint venture (JV) or merger. Knowledge of national cultures is commonly seen as a prerequisite to the effective entry into new markets (Chinta, Capar, 2007p.213), and is stated as such in the Scandinavian process model. However, various studies have found no support for this hypothesis (Barkema et al, 1996). It could also be argued that Japan is culturally equidistant between all nations, thus rendering the Scandinavian model redundant in this unique case. Ronen and Shenkar (1985) identified eight culturally homogenous blocks of countries, suggesting that firms benefit more from experiences in other countries within the same block. Japan, on the other hand, was not allotted a cluster and according to Barkema et al, (1996), no cultural block is appropriate for Japan. Therefore, Japan was allocated its own exclusive cultural block. This suggests that it would not be possible for a firm to gradually build experiential knowledge for Japan. This would partially support the decision for HC to immediately enter the mar ket. However, this argument suggests that knowledge of Japan would not increase understanding of other Asia Pacific markets, as previously thought. Nevertheless, the extent to which Japan does not belong to some larger cultural block is disputable. Western investors are often scared off by the uniqueness of the Japanese business model. However, this uniqueness can provide a host of opportunities to foreign firms wishing to access Japans wealthy consumers (Kensy, 2001). Porters diamond theory can be applied to Japan in order to assess its competitive advantage as the host country. In terms of inherent endowments such as land, labour and population size, it may appear that Japan is economically disadvantaged in comparison to large Asia Pacific states such as China. However, Porter argues a nations competiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade (Porter, 1998, p155). Based on these assumptions it can be recognised that a significant national comparative advantage is held by Japan. Immediate competition in the Japanese chocolate market is low but promises to grow significantly (Datamonitor, 2009d). This appeals to both Porters 5 forces model and the Diamond model, as it provides easier entry followed b y greater pressure to innovate and gain a global advantage. It is now worthwhile to consider any disadvantages, in order to gain a greater understanding of the risks involved. The Japanese market, as discussed, is one that is culturally unique. Therefore, in order to survive, HC would have to invest time and money reviewing cultural practices and adopt new management styles to suit Japan. Referring to Porters five forces analysis, the threat of substitute would seem to be an inherent problem in most markets, with Japan being no exception. Theoretically, HC would expect to face competition from alternative industries in the gift and snack markets. A recent report by Datamonitor (2009d) stated: confectionery products are vulnerable to the threat from substitutes such as savoury snacks and fresh fruits, due to low switching costs and consumption patterns in different geographies. In reality, competitive rivalry is deemed as moderate in this market, with branding contributing to a high level of customer loyalty. Therefore, price elasticity and pr oduct differentiation only play a small part in the competitive rivalry of the confectionery market (Datamonitor, 2009d). According to the electronics maker Canon Once a company is active in the Japanese market, it is three times harder to fail in business (Melville, 1999, p.113). However, Melville also notes that: it is three times harder to become successful in Japan in the first place. To summarise; Japan deserves the special attention of international companies, which in recent years have often neglected this economic heavyweight in an often blind enthusiasm for the Chinese market (Haak, 2008, p.3). The high GDP and considerable spending power of Japan provides the perfect marketplace for a high quality, innovative product. As long as risks are considered and the market is entered into carefully, there should be no reason why HC cannot reap the benefits. In an analysis of what motivates firms to move into new markets, Buckley suggests, there are three key motives: (1) Market seeking FDI, (2) Resource seeking FDI (3) Cost-reduction or efficiency seeking FDI. (Buckley, 2000 p.146). Buckley also believes that for any firm interested in investing in Japan, one of these key goals must be met. Furthermore, the main motive for any FDI into Japan will typically be market seeking. This is especially the case for any firm producing consumer goods such as HC. It is essential to understand the competitive landscape of the confectionary market in Japan, in order to formulate an optimal market strategy for HC. Japans confectionary market consists mainly of local companies offering a multitude of brands producing chocolate and sugar-based products. 48.1% of the confectionary market is dominated by three companies: Lotte Group, Meji Seika Kaisha, Ltd. and Ezaki Glico (Datamonitor, 2009d). So where can HC fit into this market? Most confectionery products are mass-marketed and manufactured in great volume to reduce costs so as to provide competitive prices whilst making a profit. Potentially, a more cost friendly option for the company is to enter the market in a small-scope, for example, by making high-value, low-volume products in a craft process rather than a mechanized process. (Datamonitor, 2009d). Coincidentally, this fits HCs high quality/exclusive brand image. Japans demographics provide a wide variety of potential consumers for HC. The primary target group is Japans silver market: the older, free spending portion of the population. Japan has an aging population and hence a growing market segment for HC. This group already has high buying power and furthermore, JETRO are forecasting growth of â‚ ¬30billion in the market for senior citizens. Another suitable segment in Japan is that of unmarried women over 30 (Haak, 2008). This group is largely luxury orientated and represents a financially promising market segment for HC to exploit. Moreover, in the experience of the UKTI, Japanese consumers are attracted to products that are healthy, high end and quintessentially British. All of these factors will contribute to HCs competitive advantage over Japans local producers. This essay will now discuss the possible strategies that HC could undertake, applying both theory and practical knowledge to formally review all available modes of entry. The mode of entry decision is crucial to any company, as it can have an ongoing effect on a firms international performance (Chung and Enderwick, 2001 p.443) it is therefore important to formally evaluate all possible modes. International market entry modes can be classified according to level of control, resource commitment and risk involvement (Kim Hwang, 1992). Table 2 takes these three classifications and applies them to specific modes of entry. As well as the classifications used in table 2, it is essential to consider culture and how a mode of entry fits in with the companys long-term objectives. When firms enter into a foreign market, they must contend with the national culture. However, when firms partake in JVs, they face double layered acculturation (Barkema et al 1996; Zacharakis, 1993); this can pose problems for a firm and increase the associated risk. JVs also require a great deal of capital, effort and trust. Additionally, JVs with Japanese firms may be particularly risky as learning effects may be asymmetric in JVs Japanese managers focus more on learning and less on information sharing (Barkema et al, 1996, p.164). Nevertheless, the knowledge needed to operate in a foreign market is not easily acquired, and in the early stages of market entry a native partner is strongly recommended to provide access to local market knowledge. Therefore, we propose HC should consider an agent distribution model, focusing largely on Japanese department stores. This should not however be the first stage of the internationalisation process. The Uppsala stage model stipulates organisational learning [through gradual] small steps whereby firms increase their international involvement up through the establishment chain (Bakema et al, 1996 p.152). In short, Uppsala urges firms to export before they create subsidiaries. Exceptions can be made when firms have experiential knowledge from markets with similar conditions, however, as discussed earlier, this cannot be the case with Japan. Therefore, we propose that as a first step, HC should extend their online ordering system by setting up a Japanese version of their website. This will allow HC to measure demand and increase brand awareness in the host market. By using this safe progression, HC will be in a position to both gauge the risks and benefits of the venture while at the same time acquiring cultural knowledge, incrementally increasing levels of exposure to corporate and national culture. Kim and Hwang, (1992) suggest that a firms familiarity with the host market relates to the mode of entry. As previously discussed, Japan is unlike other cultures and any strategy undertaken needs to be low risk and allow the firm to test the water with the host market. The use of an agent enables the company to avoid the financial and cultural risks associated with JVs for example. This is a more realistic strategy for HC due to their lack of size and international experience. Additionally, by appointing an agent, HC can retain control over their marketing mix and gain access to existing distribution networks. A crucial consideration when using an agent is to find a local party with a good reputation. Often agents will cover a specific territory and therefore as part of their strategy, HC should select a Japanese city in which to focus their internationalisation strategy. By observing successful moves made by close international competitors such as Godiva, it would seem that Tokyo wo uld most likely be selected (Godiva, 2009). Complications may arise if an agent is working for other companies that have conflicting interests to HC. In order to overcome such potential problems, HC should partake in a due diligence process. Careful selection criteria should be implemented to ensure that the agent has relevant expertise and appropriate business standing in line with HCs business interests. This market entry strategy is further supported when we consider withdrawal and divestment strategies. As Buckley notes, It is important for a firm to choose, at the outset, strategies whose exit costs are low (Buckley Casson, 1998, p.39). It is widely known that agent distribution models have low withdrawal costs relative to JVs, mergers and the like. By starting at the end and securing a strong exit strategy HC can significantly reduce the impact that would be felt by the organisation were the venture to fail. In conclusion, based on theory and the practical advice gained from a personal meeting with the UKTI, HC should first provide a Japanese version of their website in order to export to Japan whilst gaining knowledge of the local market and consumer demand. Once adequate demand is ensured, HC may proceed to employ an agent in order to develop brand recognition before finally opening a store in Tokyo. Since HC currently has a strong relationship with the UK department store John Lewis, it might be suitable for HC to pursue a similar strategy in Japan by joining a high-end department store, possibly with branches in other Asia Pacific locations. If the model proves to be successful, then by being in Japan, HC can reach other Asia Pacific locations, which, although not close in cultural space, are linked by a network of department stores. It is important to discuss the limitations of this report and offer suggestions for further study. One fundamental limitation of this report lies within the country screening process. It was only possible to base the primary stages upon political stability rankings, whereas it would be far better practice to cross reference a larger number of factors. Also, for the sake of originality it was not sensible to include any regions that HC had already considered. In doing this we may have disregarded some very appropriate locations. Factors such as cultural differences required proxies that, naturally, come with a degree of inaccuracy. The proxy used to estimate cultural distance was the percentage of British expats in the target locations. The power of this proxy is well supported, however, it is clearly arguable and a more powerful proxy could be employed with detailed national studies that could take into account: institutional style, business practices, media, etc. During the market a nalysis of the chocolate industry it was not possible to find specific data on the high quality chocolate industry performance, therefore, it was only possible to approximate levels of luxury chocolates being produced and consumed in both the UK and Japan. Finally, in a recent Financial Times presentation (Rowe, 2009) it was explained that you really have to walk the streets of the country to get a feel for what is the most suitable mode of entry. Theory and second hand knowledge of a country can only play a limited role in both the country screening process and mode of entry choice. In reality, a company should never base business decisions on secondary research alone. References BARKEMA, H, J BELL, J PENNINGS. 1996. Foreign entry, cultural barriers, and learning. Strategic Management Journal, 17, pp.151-166. BREWER. 1993. Government policies, market imperfections and foreign direct investment. Journal of International Business Studies, 24(1) pp.101-120. ANDERSON, E, H GATIGNON. 1999. Modes of foreign entry: a transition cost analysis and propositions. In: PJ Buckley, PN Ghauri The Internationalization of the firm. 2nd ed. Surrey: International Thomson Business Press. pp.185-207. BUCKLEY, P.J. P.N. GHAURI. 2004. Globalisation, Economic Geography and the Strategy of Multinational Enterprises. Journal of International Business, 35(2) pp.81-98. BUCKLEY, P. J. 2000. Multinational Firms, Cooperation and Competition in the World Economy, New York: St. Martins Press, LLC. p146. BUCKLEY, P.J, M CASSON.1998. Models of the multinational enterprise. Journal of international business studies. 29 (1) pp 21-44. BUSINESS LINK. 2009. Joint Ventures and Partnering [online]. [Accessed 3 December 2009] Available from: http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?type=RESOURCESitemId=1075411648 CHINTA, R, N CAPAR. 2007. Comparative Analysis of Managerial Values in the USA and China. Journal of Technology Management in China. 2(3) pp.212-224. CHUNG, H, F, P ENDERWICK.2001. An investigation of market entry strategy selection: exporting vs foreign investment modes a home host country scenario. Asia pacific journal of management. 18 pp433-460. CIA WORLD FACTBOOK. 2008. Country Comparison to the world GDP per capita (PPP) [online]. [Accessed 25 November 2009]. Available from: -https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworldfactbook/fields/2004.html?countryName=JapancountryCode=jaregionCode=eas#ja CIA WORLD FACTBOOK. (2007a), GDP Purchasing Power Parity [online]. [Accessed 16 November 2009]. Available from: http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_gdp_pur_pow_par-economy-gdp-purchasing-power-paritydate=2007 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK. (2007b) Wealth Distribution [online]. [Accessed 16 November 2009]. Available from:- http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_inc_dis_ric_20-economy-income-distribution-richest-20 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK. (2007c) Household Final Consumption Expenditure [online]. [Accessed 16 November 2009]. Available from:- http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_hou_fin_con_exp_etc_con_2000_us_percap-constant-2000-us-per-capita CIA WORLD FACTBOOK. (2007d) Gross National Income Figures per Capita [online]. [Accessed 16 November 2009]. Available from:- http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_gro_nat_inc_pergdp-gross-national-income-per-gdp COUNTRY INDICATORS FOR FOREIGN POLICY. 2007 Country ranking table 2007 [online] [Accessed 17 November, 2009]. Available from: http://www.carleton.ca/cifp/app/ffs_ranking.php DATAMONITOR. (2009a) Global Confectionary: Industry Profile, September2009 [online]. [Accessed 15 November 2009]. Available from: http://0-web.ebscohost.com.wam.leeds.ac.uk/bsi/pdf?vid=7hid=2sid=5654ae24-75d3-4528-984a-df5a7c0f6b0a%40sessionmgr12 DATAMONITOR. (2009b) Confectionary in the United Kingdom: Industry Profile [online]. [Accessed 15 November 2009]. Available from: http://0-web.ebscohost.com.wam.leeds.ac.uk/bsi/pdf?vid=8hid=2sid=5654ae24-75d3-4528-984a-df5a7c0f6b0a%40sessionmgr12 DATAMONITOR. (2009c) Industry Profile via Business Source Premier: Confectionary in the United Kingdom: Industry Profile [online]. [Accessed 15 November 2009]. Available from: http://0-web.ebscohost.com.wam.leeds.ac.uk/bsi/pdf?vid=8hid=2sid=5654ae24-75d3-4528-984a-df5a7c0f6b0a%40sessionmgr12 DATAMONITOR. (2009d) Confectionary in Japan: industry profile [online]. [Accessed 22 November 2009]. Available from: http://)-web-ebscohost.com.wam.leeds.ac.uk/bsi/pdf?vid=5hid=13sid=710afe6e-4889-b92b86cbe86f10a3%40sessionmgr4 DUNNING, JH. 1988. The eclectic paradigm of international production: a restatement and some possible extensions. Journal of International Business, 19(1) pp1-31. FAST TRACK 100, League table and research. The Times. [online] [Accessed 27 November 2009] Available from: http://www.fastrack.co.uk/Fastrack2002/migtration/dbsearch.asp?siteID=1 GODIVA. 2009. History of Godiva. [online] [Accessed 4 December 2009]. Available from: http://www.godiva.com/about/faq.aspx HAAK, U.M, R HAAK. 2008. Market Entry in Japan. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. HOTEL CHOCOLAT. (2009a). The Story of Hotel Chocolat. [online] Accessed 15 November 2009]. Available from: http://www.www.hotelchocolat.co.uk/The-Story-of-Hotel-Chocolat-Athestory/. HOTEL CHOCOLAT (2009b) Hotel Chocolat Store Locations. [online] [Accessed 15 November 2009]. Available from: http://www.hotelchocolat.co.uk/chocolate=stores-Achocolatestore. HILL, W. L. 2009. International Business: Competing In The Global Marketplace, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. p.426. KENSY, R. 2001. Keiretsu economy-new economy? Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. KIM, W.C. and P. HWANG. 1992. Global Strategy and Multinationals Entry Mode Choice. Journal of International Business Studies. 23(1), pp.29-53. KOTLER, P., et al. 2008. Principles of Marketing: Fifth European Edition, Essex: Prentice Hall. p.575. JAPANESE EXTERNAL TRADE ORGANISATION. 2008. 10 reasons to invest in Japan: sophisticated consumers with high purchasing power and discerning tastes [online]. [Accessed 22 November, 2009]. Available from: http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/invest/whyjapan/10a_2.html MINTEL. 2008. Chocolate Confectionary UK Report [online]. [Accessed 15 November 2009]. London: Mintel. Available from: http://academic.mintel.com/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/showdisplay/id=227700 MELVILLE, I. 1999. Marketing in Japan. Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford. PALEPU,K, T KHANNA, I VARGAS, 2005. HAEIR: Taking a Chinese company global. Harvard Business School Publishing. pp 1-26. PENG, S. 1995. International joint ventures vs. wholly owned subsidiaries. [online] [Accessed 3 December 2009]. Available from: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3674/is_199504/ai_n8729617/ PORTER, M.E. 1998.On competition. UK: Free press. PORTER, M.E. 2008. The five competitive forces that shape strategy. In: M.E PORTER, On competition. USA: Harvard Business School publishing Corporation pp.1-35. RETAIL WEEK. 2008. Hotel chocolat to launch stores in the gulf in overseas growth drive, [online] [Accessed on 10th November 2009]. Retail week.19 June. Available from: http://www.retail-week.com/hotel-chocolat-to-launch-stores-in-the-gulf-in-overseas-growth-drive/1571234.article. RONEN and SHENKAR, 1985. Clustering countries on attitudinal dimensions: A review and synthesis. Academy of Management Review, 10(3), pp.435-454. ROWE, S. 2009. Financial times master class presentation: Marks and Spencer: the global opportunity. 4th November 2009. RTS. 2009. Challenging time for chocolate confectionary. [online]. [Accessed 12 November 2009]. Available from: http://www.rts-resource.com/news/challenging-time-for-chocolate-confectionery/ WALKER, K. 2009. Hotel Chocolat. [Email]. Message to: J.Astin. 2nd November 2009. WATANABE, O. 2003. Efforts to attract foreign direct investment in Japan. International conference of the Japanese investment council, 22nd, Japan 30th January. WELCH, S.L, G.R.G BENITO, B PETERSEN. 2007. Foreign operation methods: theory, analysis, strategy. Edward Elgar Publishing ltd: Cornwall. ZACHARAKIS, A. 1993. The double whammy of globalisation differing country and foreign partner cultures. The academy of management executive 10(4). pp.109-110.

The Role of Science, Ethics, and Faith in Modern Philosophy Essay

The Role of Science, Ethics, and Faith in Modern Philosophy ABSTRACT: Curiously, in the late twentieth century, even agnostic cosmologists like Stephen Hawking—who is often compared with Einstein—pose metascientific questions concerning a Creator and the cosmos, which science per se is unable to answer. Modern science of the brain, e.g. Roger Penrose's Shadows of the Mind (1994), is only beginning to explore the relationship between the brain and the mind-the physiological and the epistemic. Galileo thought that God's two books-Nature and the Word-cannot be in conflict, since both have a common author: God. This entails, inter alia, that science and faith are to two roads to the Creator-God. David Granby recalls that once upon a time, science and religion were perceived as complementary enterprises, with each scientific advance confirming the grandeur of a Superior Intelligence-God. Are we then at the threshold of a new era of fruitful dialogue between science and religion, one that is mediated by philosophy in the classical sen se? In this paper I explore this question in greater detail. The thesis of this essay is that philosophy is at an important crossroads at the end of the twentieth century in its role as paideia—philosophy educating humanity. An unprecedented challenge and opportunity for philosophy today is to mediate, and enhance understanding of the relationship, between science, ethics and faith. A central question arises: What can philosophy contribute to the emerging dialogue between science and theology? The emerging science-theology dialogue is characterized by complexity and considerable confusion regarding proper methodologies, goals, and possible interactions. There are at least three major schools, model... ...allacy. Reason (October): 53-58. Rust, Peter. 1992. How Has Life and Its Diversity Been Produced? Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 44 (2): 80-94. Sternberg, Robert J. & Janet E. Davidson, eds. 1995. The Nature of Insight. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Weber, Max. 1949. The Methodology of the Social Sciences. Eds. Edward A. Shils & Henry A. Finch. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. Weinberg, Steven. 1992. Dreams of a Final Theory: The Search for the Fundamental Laws of Nature. New York: Pantheon Books. Wiester, John L. 1993. The Real Meaning of Evolution. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 45 (3): 182-86. Wigner, Eugene P. 1960. The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics 13: 1-14. Yates, Steven. 1997. Postmodern Creation Myth? A Response. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies IX (1/2): 91-104.

Finite automata

The symbols of the sequence are presented sequentially to a machine M. M responds with a binary signal to each Input. If the string scanned so far Is accepted, then the light goes on, else the light Is A language acceptor * Lesson 3 employs the treatment of this subject as found in Machines, Languages, and Computation by Denning, Dennis and Qualitz , Prentice-Hall. Transducer Abstract machines that operate as transducers are of interest in connection with the translation of languages.The following transducer produces a sentence (l) 12) r(r,) in response to the input sentence s(l) s(2) s(m) translated into a specific sentence of an output language. Generator When M is started from its initial state, it emits a sequence of symbols (1) r(2) r(i) r(t) from a set known as its output alphabet. We will begin our study with the transducer model of abstract machine (or automaton). We often refer to such a device as a Finite State Machine (FSM) or as an automaton with output.Finite State Machi ne (FSM) The FSM model arises naturally from physical settings in which information-denoting Only a finite number of operations may be performed in a finite amount of time. Such systems are necessarily discrete. Problems are quite naturally decomposed into sequences of steps – hence our model is sequential. We require that our machine not be subject to uncertainty, hence its behavior is deterministic. There are two finite state machine models : Mealy model – in which outputs occur during transitions.Moore model – outputs are produced upon arrival at a new state. Mealy Model of FSM Mealy model – transition assigned output Q = finite set of states S = input alphabet // the machine's memory // set of stimuli R = output alphabet // set of responses = the machine's initial state ql : state transition function (or next state function) g : output function g: SOR example Design a FSM (Mealy model) which takes in binary inputs and produces a ‘1' as output wh enever the parity of the input string ( so far ) is even.When designing such models, we should ask ourselves â€Å"What is the state set of the machine? â€Å". The state set Q corresponds to what we need to remember about input strings. We note that the number of possible input strings corresponds to I which is countably infinite. We observe, however, that a string may have only one of two possible parities. even parity – if nl(w) is even. odd parity – if nl(w) is odd. And this is all that our machine must remember about a string scanned so far.Hence IQI = 2 where Q = {E, o} with ql = E indicating the string has even parity and if Mt is in state o, then the string has odd parity. And finally, of course, we must specify the output function g for this Mealy machine. According to this machine's specifications, it is supposed to produce an output of ‘1' whenever the parity of the input string so far is even. Hence, all arcs leading into state E should be labeled w ith a ‘1' output.Parity Checker (Mealy machine) state diagram Observe our notation that g(o, 1) = 1 is indicated by the arc from state o to state E ith a ‘1' after a slash state table present state input = O next state, output input = 1 for this parity machine Observe for the input 10100011 our machine produces the output sequence the corresponding admissible state sequence a second example Construct a Mealy model of an FSM that behaves as a two-unit delay. i. e. O , otherwise A sample input/output session is given below : time 123456789 stimuluso 001 1 01 OO response O O O 1 1 0 1 Observe that r(6)= 1 which equals s(4) and so on We know that S = R = {O, 1}. Moore model of FSM Ms † – the output function assigns an output symbol to each state. Q = finite set of internal states S = finite input alphabet R = finite output alphabet f : state transition function h : output function ql = EQ is the initial state Design a Moore machine that will analyze input sequen ces in the binary alphabet S {O, 1}.Let w = s(l) s(2) s(t) be an input string NO(w) = number of O's in w NI(w)= number of I's in w then we have that IWI = NO(w) + NI(w)= The last output of Ms should equal : r(t) = [NI(W) So naturally, the output alphabet R = {O, – NO(w)] mod 4. stimulus 1 1 01 1 1 OO response 0 1 2 1 23 0 3 2 Observe that the length of the output sequence is one longer than the input sequence. Why is this so? Btw : This will always be the case. The corresponding Moore machine : c 2 3 This machine is referred to as an up-down counter.For the previous input sequence : 11011100 the state sequence is : second example machine should output a ‘1' whenever this pattern matches the last four inputs, and there has been no overlap, otherwise output a ‘O'. Hence s = R = {0, 1}. Here is a sample input/output sequence for this machine : 12345678910 11 12 s 101 We observe that 1 because s(2) s(3) s(4) s(5) however r(8) = O because there has been overlap stnce s (8) s(9) S(IO) 1) = 1011 What is the state set for this machine 0101101 000100000010 1011 Ask yourself what is it that Ms must remember in order to function correctly.Machine Identification Problem The following input-output behavior was exhibited by a transition-assigned machine (Mealy machine) Mt known to contain three states. Find an appropriate state table for M. Is the table unique? 12345678910 11 12 13 14 input 0000100010 1 0 output 01 01 000010 1 0 0 1 This problem is useful in fault detection and fault location experiments with sequential circuits ( i. e. digital circuits with memory ). One designs a computer circuit. Six months (or six years) later, how does one know that the circuit is working correctly? Where do we start

How To Make An Infographic In 7 Easy Steps

How To Make An Infographic In 7 Easy Steps Infographics are 30 times more likely to be read than a purely textual article. Love them or hate them, they are a rising content type for reaching your audience. Infographics are also the highest shared content type and therefore, one of the best and quickest ways to communicate data to your audience. As a designer who loves numbers, I personally fall into the ‘love’ category with infographics, but I realize that not everyone has been taught how to make this popular content type. While infographics are easy to digest, they’re not necessarily easy to create, so I hope to enlighten you in how to make an infographic in 7 easy steps from research all the way to publishing. Alright, lets do this! #Infographics are 30 times more likely to be read than a purely textual article. via @ashtonwirrenga 1. Find A Topic Before beginning any project, we must begin with two questions: ‘What?' and ‘Why?' We should know exactly what the goal of each project is, and exactly why it’s important. If you skip these two questions, two outcomes are bound to happen. Either you'll start working and get lost somewhere in the middle of the project, or you’ll create something awesome that has no purpose, which is quite sad. Personally, I’d rather make something awesome AND have it reach a goal. Then it's a win-win for everyone! In order to do that, every great infographic must begin with a good topic. Ask Yourself: What are people asking about? What problem does my audience have? What current ideas could be better explored and communicated? For example, at , we noticed that everyone was asking, "What's the best time to post on social media?" and so we turned that very question into a blog post and then an  infographic. Use the three questions above to  help you narrow in on a topic that will engage your audience and guide you through the creation process. Want to know how to make an infographic from a post you've already written? Skip to step #3 Pro Tip: Create a survey or engage with your audience on social media to see what problems you could solve with your infographic. 2. Do Your Research Now that you have a stellar topic, it’s time to do  research. This step might take some time, but it’s absolutely critical so embrace it and dig in. Find absolutely everything you can around that concept by beginning with the large resources, and then move onto the small bits and pieces that may be hiding. Again, don't be scared to invest significant time into this stage. Research is the very core of an infographic, so it's worth it in the long run. Research is the very core of an #infographic, so it's worth it in the long run. #contentmarketingGet Perspective Search for similar counterparts and find out why your topic is essential to what you’re trying to prove. Then, explore the ideas that completely oppose it. This will give you a wholesome perspective, and might even surprise or counter your initial idea. Let the data shape your topic and adjust when necessary. Remember, infographics are first and foremost research; however, boring data designed nicely  will still end up as a boring infographic. While it might seem tedious, take the time to find interesting data so you can set yourself up for one heck of an infographic.

Top 500 Polluting Companies

Top 500 Polluting Companies Carbon tax hit list: Naming Australias biggest polluters The top 500 polluting companies are classified according to their annual CO2 emissions. The emission could occur at the company’s site or through secondary power and energy use. The companies included, in the list all produce over 25,000 tonnes of emissions in a year from a single site.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Top 500 Polluting Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is also a different in the kind of emissions given by the companies. House emissions that result from the industrial processes within the site are known as scope 1. Scope 2 emissions originate from the site but come from the energy sources outside the site. The largest pollutants are energy generation companies. Seven companies within the energy industry fill the top ten positions. Collectively, they emit about 125,400,000 tonnes of scope one emission compared to the 342,841 ,000 tonnes from 299 companies. Since the emission tax, only covers the exceeding limit for a single site, not all companies joining the top 500 list of polluters will pay carbon tax. Fifty-eight companies out of the 299 have scope one emissions of less than 25,000 tonnes a year. Furthermore, the list conclusive list has 500 companies that emit the highest amount of CO2 to the atmosphere; however, carbon tax payment would only affect those that exceed the required threshold. Currently, companies in landfill and waste disposal industries escape the tax payment because they do not their scope one emissions in a single site. Companies affected by the carbon tax, whose market is domestic, like in the energy sector, will increase their fees and prices to alleviate the tax effects. Mining Sector Miners say carbon tax undermines Australias competitiveness Stakeholders and companies in the mining industry of Australia are not happy with the government’s decision to impose a 23-dollar tax on the country’s 500 largest polluters. The government proposed to raise the tax by 2.5 per cent a year, for three years. Miners say that the taxation costs would put them at an international disadvantage. They cite the fact that their trading competitors in other countries do not face the same taxes. The country needs to keep its resource sector strong. According to the mining industry, if the federal government keeps its word on the tax proposals, it would be demonstrating its inability to understand what drives the Australian economy.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They cite the global financial crisis as an example of how the mining and resource industry helped the country avoid the serious economic downturn. The carbon tax would weaken the industry and ultimately put the competitiveness of the economy in jeopardy. The mining industry would respo nd to the tax measures by cutting production. This would be a cost-saving measure, as well as a compliance measure. The effect of a diminishing production would be the loss of jobs and economies of scale benefits for the miners. Early closure of mines will lead to about 13,000 job losses. Gassy mines forecast about 18 billion Australian dollar costs attributed to the carbon tax. However, the government is only providing 1.26 billion Australian dollars to offset this cost. The carbon tax will also affect the energy industry, and mining companies expect their diesel costs to rise by around 16 per cent. Unfortunately, due to the competitive nature of the global market; the companies would be unable to transfer the fuel cost to consumers. The mining industry further claims that the carbon tax and fuel rebate reduction are essentially a double taxation for the sector. The closure of Australian coalmines in Australia leads to a loss of its global market share to other producing countries like South African and Indonesia. The tax hurts the export competing sectors like mining. The mining industry wants a scheme that protects trade-exposed industries. The scheme should ensure that the price, paid by the sector should be equivalent to the price paid by its competitors globally. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Top 500 Polluting Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Anglo American Metallurgical Coal Anglo American is the second biggest coal mining company in Australia. The company owns eight mines in the country. They are located in Moranbah North, Callide, Capcoal, Dawson, and Foxleigh in Australia. Anglo American exports the mined coal through Gladstone Port Corporation and Port Waratah Coal Services. It sells around 26 million tonnes to steelmakers and electricity producers globally. According to the top 500, most polluters list, the company emits 4,059,269 tonnes of scope 1 C02 annually. The co mpany has engaged itself in various measures to reduce carbon emissions. It reports that it has collaborated with Energy Developments Limited in the Waste Coal Mine Gas Power Station, which will reduce the harmful effects of CO2 by about 1.3 million tonnes. The company is committed to reducing greenhouse emissions in Australia and by channelling waste coal into electricity. BHB Billiton Limited BHB Bulliton Limited is the biggest coal mining company in Australia by volume. It mines 58 million tonnes of coal annually. It has coalmines in Mount Arthur Coal, Muswellbrook and Hunter Valley. The top 500 polluters lists of 2011 indicated that BHP Bulliton emits 5,150,942 tonnes of scope one CO2 annually. Not For Profit Organizations Charities Disability sector hit by Carbon Tax Not for profit, organizations oppose the carbon tax because of its apparent influence on the incomes of most Australians. Charitable organization says that the carbon tax will cost them dearly by reducing their a vailable funds. The Salvation Army said that it would lose close to 3.5 billion Australian dollars, which had a direct impact on the service rendered to about 300,000 people. The organizations in this sector will not receive some compensation. Therefore, they will have to finance the increase in energy costs from their donation earnings. Power and food costs are estimated to rise by 10 per cent. Electricity charges will increase by 40 per cent in six years and charities like Salvos and Catholic Social Services will barely manage keep savings or increase their operations.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The not for profit organizations feel neglected by the government in its move to implement the carbon tax regime. Disability employment provides will be unable to unveil themselves for the implemented schemes of mitigating the tax impact. Voluntary organization will also face a tough time and either raise more funds or cut their services. The organizations such as local scouts groups will have to increase their fees to avoid being shut down by the escalating costs. Greenpeace Greenpeace Australia Pacific is an organization that advocates for clean environments, free from pollution. The organization holds public demonstrations to champion its causes. Recently it placed a huge carbon pollution tax bill on the front of BHB Bulliton headquarters. The symbolic exercise was done as a way of raising awareness of the greenhouse emissions of the company. The Salvation Army The Salvation Army started its operation in Australia 125 years ago. It manages funds on behalf of the disadvantaged people in the society. It keeps a commitment of giving 80 cents for every dollar of donation that it receives. In April 2012, the organization released a press statement, which indicated that it was in support of the carbon tax measures initiated by the government. However, it reiterated that it would work closely with other social service providers to defend the ability of charity providers in caring for the needy. The organization said it would work closely with the government on the carbon tax implementation.

Management of IT Systems and Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management of IT Systems and Projects - Essay Example Looking up and practically testing the implemented fruitfulness of the blessings of information and technology themselves, the new generation of students takes pride in choosing the studies for computing and information technology as their main field of study. However, since the said field of study is relatively newer as compared to the seasoned sciences and humanities related courses students are often unsure as to what their main career paths would be after they have graduated from their computing degrees. Among the basic careers of becoming a computer programmer or a computer science engineer another plausible domain that can get cherished by the advent of the computer science graduates is the field of IT project management. DEFINING PROJECT MANAGEMENT Project Management is an integral task that supports the overall structure of an organization. The application of project management techniques such as establishment of communications among stakeholders and project designers, the or ganization of tasks, the linking of processes within an organization, highlighting of the motivating factors at hand, planning tasks, scheduling subsequent deliverables and the management of resources in pursuit of targeting goals are few of the specific tasks that a project manager needs to perform within his organization. MAIN IDEA With respect to IT, the field of project management becomes even more challenging. IT does not remain the cup of tea of a mere project manager but becomes a specifically designed arena which is best suited to graduates who have specialized in the field of computing and information sciences. With reference to the study done by Downey (2010) it is quoted that Downey considers the conventional career path of a computer programmer as that of an analyst which then eventually ends up as the CIO of an organization after being promoted as an IT manager in the middle. The denomination of being an IT project manager, on the other hand, involves the insight of bot h the business related concepts and also information technology intricacies. It is all about implementing the required technologies into the just right business processes. An IT project manager is the key person who controls the overall working of information systems within organizations. Information systems nowadays are the building blocks of each unit of the corporate world. They are inevitable as they link together all business processes with the latest bits of technologically advanced products thus resulting in the efficient performance of each business unit in the real time environment. However, despite all the above mentioned benefits that a project manager is responsible to address the studies done by Downey (2010) show that there is a point of saturation that each IT individual eventually comes to. Since the technologies are getting renovated at a very rapid rate these individuals can survive at their present positions only if they keep themselves up to date with the latest trends in their field. This is owing to the flexibility of the newer trends but is majorly because of the increasing competition posed by the new-coming IT individuals. It is also mentioned that the input of time and money into the seasoned

How to improve learning in Bachelor Students Research Proposal

How to improve learning in Bachelor Students - Research Proposal Example This paper attempts to explain how college curriculum could be improved to help Bachelor’s students under the main idea behind their studies. Normally, large organizations utilize certain strategies as they implement their project management procedures. In this same way, this proposal will educate Bachelor’s students the right way to go about doing their portfolio management. A firm can handle one project or multiple projects at the same time, and the important thing is that such a firm undergoes similar project management processes. What a Bachelor’s student needs to understand are all these procedures necessary in successfully managing portfolio. Even though most of the contents in this paper are suggestive recommendations that could be utilized in improving the curriculum of Bachelor’s students, however it also explains the important roles or functions of project managers and other components of project management. The first thing is that the Bachelor’s student should first of all see himself as a Project Manager (Lewis 24). Therefore, he would need to carry out the following roles of a Project Manager: Managing the project (s) is the sole duty of the project manager (bachelor’s student), and this involves series of activities, including planning, execution, monitoring, control and closure of a project. These activities are analyzed step-by-step below: (I) Planning: A project manager needs to plan ahead some important things about the project: Like he/she would have to inspect the location for the project; he/she would have estimate the overall cost of the projects; he/she would have to arrange about the recruitment process for the experts that would work on the project; he/she would need to quantify any unforeseen problems that may occur during the execution of the projects. The planning stage is very crucial to the success of the entire project, and this is why project managers

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Research Paper

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - Research Paper Example The Internet or cyberspace, as it is often called alternatively, is virtually limitless such that there are now over a billion Web pages being published and still counting. It is a miracle the Internet (or WWW, short for World Wide Web) has not crashed although some experts expect a major or large scale collapse from a system-wide malfunction between now and the year 2025 (Boehm, 2006, p. 20) and if ever this happens, then almost everything will grind to a sudden halt, causing widespread chaos and confusion. Various industry sectors such as communications, transportation, financial transactions, banking services, power generation and distribution, health care services and all major industrial production will be adversely affected if there is a major software malfunction on the Internet. It is just one side of the same coin, as the Internet infrastructure is also largely dependent on all its major hardware components, such as hosts, servers and routers. There are many vendors who are offering their products and services in this regard, such that it is necessary to adopt some form of standard to make all the various hardware and software components interconnect with each other seamlessly and virtually assure users and consumers a zero-downtime Internet service. The necessity for a standard system has been met with the adoption of protocols (digital message formats and rules agreed to by everyone) by which all Internet stakeholders operate on a common platform to assure constant and reliable communications. This is the topic of this brief paper, the dynamic host configuration protocol, or known by its initials, DHCP. As the evolution of the Internet is quite fast,... This paper stresses that DHCP becomes even more useful as more networks gradually migrate to the new IPv6. In most cases, new devices are connected to a network as time goes and DHCP allows this in a systematic and orderly manner without necessarily overwhelming the network. Besides the two benefits of automatic configuration and maintenance of a centralized database of addresses, the other advantages of using DHCP include its scalability, whether managing 10 or 1000 clients, the DHCP makes it easier and the other incentive to use it is flexibility in configuration as computers and devices change their respective IP addresses from time to time. This report makes a conclusion that dynamic host configuration protocol has served its purpose of being the mainstay in the normal functioning of the computer networks so essential to modern life today. It has proven its usefulness by being compatible with the new IPv6 that is now gradually being implemented with the assurance that networking will not run out of needed valid IP addresses, providing more than enough addresses that figuratively and literally extends to infinity and beyond. DHCP provided a smooth transition slightly more than a year ago, on June 08, 2011 when the Internet switched and tested the IPv6 without any major glitches and hopefully continue to do so and support the Internet's frenzied expansion well into the future until such time a better protocol can be invented. It has been a proven workhorse for the entire networked world so far.